Jesus—His Life and Message: Jesus’ Birth (Part 3)

(You can read about the intent for and overview of this series in this introductory article.)

Luke informs the readers of some of the events which transpired during Mary’s visit to Elizabeth, and then tells us that Mary returned to her home. Removing Mary from the scene, he moves into describing the events surrounding the birth of John the Baptist.

We’re told that Elizabeth gave birth to a son in fulfillment of God’s promise and that her neighbors and relatives, hearing of God’s great mercy, rejoiced with her. In accordance with the laws of Moses, on the eighth day they came to circumcise the child. Circumcision was commanded by God as the sign of inclusion in the covenant made between Him and Abraham¹ and became formalized in the Mosaic law.² The circumcision of John—who would play an important role as the prophet of the coming of the Lord—confirms his Jewishness, and this confirmation makes the point that God is bringing redemption to Israel and the world from within Israel.³ This is what God promised Abraham when He told him, In you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.⁴

The neighbors and relatives who were present at the ceremony would have called him Zechariah after his father, but his mother answered, “No; he shall be called John.” And they said to her, “None of your relatives is called by this name.” And they made signs to his father, inquiring what he wanted him to be called. And he asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they all wondered.⁵

Elizabeth pushed back against the wishes of those attending the circumcision and stated that the boy would be named John. Zechariah concurred. As soon as he wrote on the wax tablet that the child was to be named John, immediately his mouth was opened and his tongue loosed. He could speak again, fulfilling what Gabriel had originally declared: you will be silent and unable to speak until the day that these things take place.⁶ His first action was, appropriately, to bless God. Luke tells us that fear came on all their neighbors. And all these things were talked about through all the hill country of Judea, and all who heard them laid them up in their hearts, saying, “What then will this child be?”⁷

These mysterious events surrounding the birth of John, his father receiving a message from an angel and then becoming mute and probably deaf,⁸ his elderly mother becoming pregnant, his mother and father deciding to name him John, and his father recovering his speech, were the talk of the area.

Luke recorded the following prophecy/praise song of Zechariah, known today as the Benedictus, which sheds some light on the “what will this child be?” question.⁹ The Benedictus gives an indication of John’s role in God’s plan of salvation, and also links past events in Israel’s history with the way God is moving at this point in time.

Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old, that we should be saved from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us; to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him all our days.¹⁰

The prophecy reaches back in time to the prophets,¹¹ to the ancestors,¹² to Abraham and God’s covenant with him.¹³ Visiting His people is reminiscent of the Exodus;¹⁴ redeeming His people, of the Year of Jubilee;¹⁵ raising up the horn of David¹⁶ is a connection to King David, and rising or dawning light and those sitting in darkness are references to familiar verses from the book of Isaiah.¹⁷ By linking these past people and events to Zechariah, Elizabeth, Mary, and their sons, this prophecy forges the connection between God’s promises and His movement throughout Israel’s history to this time of the birth of Jesus, when God is beginning to fulfill His promise of redemption and salvation.

Zechariah’s prophecy then specifically speaks to John:

And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High; for you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways, to give knowledge of salvation to his people in the forgiveness of their sins, because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the sunrise shall visit us from on high to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.¹⁸

The references in the prophecy to verses from the books of Isaiah¹⁹ and Malachi²⁰ provide glimpses of John’s future work of preparing the way for the Savior. As the prophet of the Most High, John would go before the Lord. Later, during His ministry, Jesus confirmed that John was a prophet, and indicated that John was the last of the Old Testament prophets.

What then did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet.²¹The Law and the Prophets were until John; since then the good news of the kingdom of God is preached.^{22 23}

The Benedictus ends with the theme of the light which will guide our feet into the way of peace,²⁴ something Luke will pick up in the beginning of the next chapter as he describes the birth of Jesus.²⁵

Luke ends the story of Zechariah, Elizabeth, and John by briefly touching on John’s life from the day of his birth until the time of his public appearance. He tells us that the child grew and became strong in spirit.²⁶ This anticipates John’s return later in the Gospel. Luke indicates years of growth and maturation, and that the Spirit of God—who has filled John since the womb—is preparing him for his prophetic ministry decades later. He then moves John off the scene, changing the focus of attention away from John and onto Jesus.

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Note

Unless otherwise indicated, all scriptures are from the Holy Bible, English Standard Version, copyright © 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a division of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

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General Bibliography

Bailey, Kenneth E. Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2008.

Biven, David. New Light on the Difficult Words of Jesus. Holland: En-Gedi Resource Center, 2007.

Bock, Darrell L. Jesus According to Scripture. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002.

Brown, Raymond E. The Birth of the Messiah. New York: Doubleday, 1993.

Brown, Raymond E. The Death of the Messiah. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday, 1994.

Charlesworth, James H., editor. Jesus’ Jewishness, Exploring the Place of Jesus Within Early Judaism. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company, 1997.

Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. Updated edition. Hendrickson Publishers, 1993.

Elwell, Walter A., and Robert W. Yarbrough. Encountering the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2005.

Evans, Craig A. World Biblical Commentary: Mark 8:27–16:20. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2000.

Flusser, David. Jesus. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1998.

Flusser, David, and R. Steven Notely. The Sage from Galilee: Rediscovering Jesus’ Genius. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans’ Publishing Company, 2007.

Green, Joel B. The Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans’ Publishing Company, 1997.

Green, Joel B., and Scot McKnight, eds. Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1992.

Guelich, Robert A. World Biblical Commentary: Mark 1–8:26. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1989.

Jeremias, Joachim. Jerusalem in the Time of Jesus. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1996.

Jeremias, Joachim. Jesus and the Message of the New Testament. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002.

Jeremias, Joachim. New Testament Theology. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971.

Jeremias, Joachim. The Eucharistic Words of Jesus. Philadelphia: Trinity Press International, 1990.

Lloyd-Jones, D. Martyn. Studies in the Sermon on the Mount. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans’ Publishing Company, 1976.

Manson, T. W. The Sayings of Jesus. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans’ Publishing Company, 1957.

Manson, T. W. The Teaching of Jesus. Cambridge: University Press, 1967.

Michaels, J. Ramsey. The Gospel of John. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans’ Publishing Company, 2010.

Morris, Leon. The Gospel According to Matthew. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans’ Publishing Company, 1992.

Pentecost, J. Dwight. The Words & Works of Jesus Christ. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1981.

Sanders, E. P. Jesus and Judaism. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1985.

Sheen, Fulton J. Life of Christ. New York: Doubleday, 1958.

Spangler, Ann, and Lois Tverberg. Sitting at the Feet of Rabbi Jesus. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009.

Stein, Robert H. Jesus the Messiah, Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1996.

Stein, Robert H. The Method and Message of Jesus’ Teachings, Revised Edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1994.

Stott, John R. W. The Message of the Sermon on the Mount. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1978.

Wood, D. R. W., I. H. Marshall, A. R. Millard, J. I. Packer, and D. J. Wiseman, eds. New Bible Dictionary. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1996.

Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1996.

Wright, N. T. Matthew for Everyone, Part 1. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004.

Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.

Yancey, Philip. The Jesus I Never Knew. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1995.

Young, Brad H. Jesus the Jewish Theologian. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 1995.

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